一、谓语动词与非谓语动词
英语实义动词根据其在句子中充当的成分可分为谓语动词与非谓语动词。谓语动词在使用时，有时态，语态和主谓一致的语法形式变化。主谓一致是指谓语动词要与其主语保持人称与数量的一致，谓语动词的语态有主动词语态与被动语态两种，当主语为动作的发出者或状态的引起者时，谓语动词用主动语态，当主语为动作的承受者或因外物引起的状态的时谓语动词用被动语态。
非谓语动词，顾名思义就是指动词在句子中充当除谓语之外的语法成分。非谓语动词没有人称与数量的限定，所以也称之为非限定动词。非限定动词有体态和语态两种形态变化。非限定动词的语态取决于非限定动词的逻辑主语，非限定动词作状语时，其逻辑主语为句子的主语；非限定动词作定语时，其逻辑主语为其修饰的那个词；非限定动词作宾语补语时其逻辑主语为宾语。在解非限定动词题时，先分析非限定动词在句子中的语法成分，再确定其逻辑主语，根据逻辑主语来确定非限定动词的语态。如果非限定动词与其逻辑主语之间为被动关系，一般体中过去分词可以表被动，若用不定式则需用被动式(to be done)，若用现在分词也需用被动式(being done)。
二、2020年高考对谓语与非谓语动词的考查如下：
2020(全国1卷)
①The unmanned Chang'e-4 probe (探测器) ─ the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess─ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
做谓语动词touched（一般过去时、主动语态）
②Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e-4
(find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
做非谓语动词to find（不定式做状语）
③Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it
(mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon
is constructed.＂
做谓语means（一般现在时，主动语态、第三人称单数）
④Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it
means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon
(construct).＂
做谓语（一般现在时，被动语态、第三人称单数）
2020(全国2卷)
①This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers (carry) special significance.
做谓语carries（一般现在时，主动语态、第三人称单数）
②They represent the earth (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
做非谓语coming（现在分词做宾语补语，与宾语the earth为主动关系）
③They make great gifs and you see them many times (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
做非谓语decorated（过去分词做宾语补语，与宾语them为被动关系）
④They are easy (care) for and make great presents.
做非谓语to care (不定式做状语)
2020(全国3卷)
①The artist was sure he would (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor's chief minister, the old man laughed.
不带 "to" 的不定式与情态动词构成复合谓语be chosen（不定式被动式）
②When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and (point) down the river.
做谓语pointed（一般过去时、主动语态）
③And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds 9 (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
做非谓语surrounding（现在分词做宾语补语，与宾语the soft clouds为主动关系）
